Through the Grodzka Gate one enters the Old City.Until 1862, Jews could not legally purchase property within the city walls. Exceptions were possible to this law, called "de non tolerandis Judaeis" in Latin, but the legal restrictions were not abolished until the partition period, under reforms carried out by Alexander Wielopolsky. It was only then that the Jews were given equal rights with all other citizens.It was also at this time that serfdom, or de facto slavery of the peasants, was abolished.